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Image from page 540 of “The science and art of surgery : being a treatise on surgical injuries, diseases, and operations” (1878)
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Identifier: scienceartofsurg02eric
Title: The science and art of surgery : being a treatise on surgical injuries, diseases, and operations
Year: 1878 (1870s)
Authors: Erichsen, John Eric, 1818-1896
Subjects: Surgical Procedures, Operative Surgery
Publisher: Philadelphia : H.C. Lea
Contributing Library: Francis A. Countway Library of Medicine
Digitizing Sponsor: Open Knowledge Commons and Harvard Medical School
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ally, an ovoid orelongated swelling at the root of theneck; the neighboring glands maybe affected ; there may be canceroustumors elsewhere; and the symp-toms of the cancerous cachexia maybe present. A fibrous stricture may,however, and veiy commonly does,degenerate into a malignant one—into epithelium, though, perhaps,not into scirrlius or ence[jhaloid.The sjjecial causes of cancer of theoesophagus are not known. Treatment.—The treatment ofstricture of the oesophagus willdepend upon its nature. In tiiehysterical variety^ the occasionalintroduction of a full-sized oeso-phagus-bougie, the application ofbelladonna to the neck, and antihys-terical treatment generally, iron,aloetics, douches, and diverting thepatients mind from her malady, are the means to be employed. In such cases, Garrod has very advantage-ously employed large closes of assafoetida. Tlie treatment of organic stricture is more diflflcult. In it careshould be taken that the patient is ])rincipally kept upon nutritious
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Fig. 640.—Epithelioma of Pharynx and (Eso-phagus causing Stricture. 526 DISEASES OF THE MOUTH AXD THROAT. slops, ov upon meat that lias been well chopped up, as larger fragmentsare apt to become impacted at the seat of constriction. The difficultyin deglutition will, however, gradually increase, the patient being unableto swallow solids, then being reduced to puip}^ food, and at last to liquid.After a time, he will not even be able to swallow these ; and then it be-comes necessary for the Surgeon to feed him liy the introduction of agum elastic catheter through the stricture, and the injection of a suffi-cient quantity of liquid or semi-pultaceous nourishment into the stomachtwice a day. After a few weeks, the irritation induced liy the repeatedintroduction of tlie catheter will render its passage more and more diffi-cult, until at last it becomes impossible to get it througli the constric-tion. The patient may still be kept alive for some weeks by nutritiveenemata, but at last dies
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Image from page 186 of “Soil physics and management” (1917)
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Identifier: soilphysicsmanag00mosi
Title: Soil physics and management
Year: 1917 (1910s)
Authors: Mosier, J. G. (Jeremiah George), 1862-1922 Gustafson, A. F. (Axel Ferdinand), 1880-1942, joint author
Subjects: Agricultural physics
Publisher: Philadelphia London, J.B. Lippincott company
Contributing Library: The Library of Congress
Digitizing Sponsor: The Library of Congress
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away in the drainage waters. The Ohio Station fomidthat manure from steers exposed for three months, January toApril, decreased in plant food value per ton from .01 to .85, orthere was a loss of .16, or 38.6 per cent. The loss of organicmatter was fully.as great. Leaching may be prevented by keepingthe manure in a shed to protect it from the rain. If exposed, itshould be kept in a concrete pit or tank to prevent loss by leachingand very wet to prevent heating. Horse manure is the most diffi-cult to keep because of its tendency to heat, owing to its looseness MAINTAINING THE ORGANIC MATTER OF SOILS 165 and the free access of air. Where possible it should be mixed withcow inauure to render it more compact. If the animals are being fed in a shed or barn where the manuremay be left till it is hauled out there will be less loss than in anyother way. If a cement floor is used there will be no loss by leach-ing and the tramping of stock will exclude the air so that very little Fig. 81.
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Fig. 81.—How does this man handle manure? The stains answer the question.Fig. 82.—When the spreader is filled the manure is hauled to the field. In this way there is very little loss. fermentation will take place. Various experiment stations havedemonstrated the higher value of manure and the lower loss whenkept in this way. Compare figures 81 and 82. (c) Absorbents.—Substajices that act as absorbents of ammoniaand other constituents that would be removed easily are sometimesmixed with the manure. Dry earth or dry peat may be used to 166 SOIL PHYSICS AND MANAGEMENT good advantage. Calcium sulfate, land plaster, may be dustedover the manure. The sulfuric acid unites with the ammonia,forming ammonium sulfate, which is comparatively slowly solul^le.Common salt is sometimes used, but both it and land plaster are tooexpensive for general use. Certain substances may be used as absorbents and also for re-enforcing the manure. If the manure is to be used on land de-ficient in the elemen
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